The principle: no capital-gains tax for individuals
Singapore does not have a capital-gains tax. For an individual investing for the long term, a profit on listed shares, ETFs or crypto is generally not taxed when you sell. That is a key reason the city-state is attractive for building wealth: your investment gains are generally yours to keep.
Markets and intermediaries are regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), and trades take place on the Singapore Exchange (SGX).
The important caveat: trading treated as income
The absence of capital-gains tax applies to gains that are capital in nature. If your buying and selling is frequent, systematic and looks like carrying on a trade or business, IRAS can treat the profits as income, taxable at your personal rate. IRAS weighs the facts (the "badges of trade"): frequency of transactions, holding period, use of borrowing, your reasons for buying and selling, and how business-like the activity is. Occasional, long-term investing by an individual is generally not taxed.
Stocks and ETFs
Listed shares and ETFs: gains on a personal, long-term holding are generally not taxed. There is no short-term versus long-term rate distinction, because there is no capital-gains regime at all for individuals.
Dividends
Dividends paid by Singapore-resident companies under the one-tier corporate tax system are tax-exempt in your hands. Some foreign-sourced dividends can be taxable depending on the rules and any exemptions. This is separate from any gain on selling the shares.
What about crypto?
For individuals, crypto held as a personal investment is generally not taxed on disposal, again because there is no capital-gains tax. But if you trade crypto frequently enough that it is treated as a trade, the profits can be taxable as income. Paying for goods and services in crypto has its own GST treatment.
What you need to report
If your gains are capital in nature, there is generally nothing to report as capital gains. If your trading is treated as a trade, the profits are reported as income in your tax return. This content is for information only and is not investment or tax advice.